Заблуждения толпы - Бернстайн Уильям Дж. - Страница 130

294. Отличный обзор исследований по теме, истории изучения и значимости этого явления: Raymond S. Nickerson, “Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises,” Review of General Psychology Vol. 2, No. 2 (1998): p. 175–220.

295. См.: Charles G. Lord et al., “Biased Assimilation and Attitude Polarization: The Effects of Prior Theories on Subsequently Considered Evidence,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Vol. 37, No. 11 (June 1, 1979): p. 2098–2109. Подкрепление собственного мнения за счет опровергающих сведений, так называемый обратный эффект, вызывает много вопросов. См. по этому поводу: Thomas Wood and Ethan Porter, “The Elusive Backfire Effect: Mass Attitudes’ Steadfast Factual Adherence,” Political Behavior Vol. 41, No. 1 (March 2019): p. 135–163.

296. См.: Rowe, Thunder and Trumpets, 11–12; Everett N. Dick, William Miller and the Advent Crisis 1831–1844 (Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews University Press, 1994), 7–9. Роу утверждает, что Миллер выбрал 457 год до н. э. в качестве даты падения Персидской империи, но на самом деле империя пала лишь столетие спустя.

297. См.: Rowe, Thunder and Trumpets, p. 12–15.

298. Там же, p. 14.

299. См.: David L. Rowe, God’s Strange Work (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2008), p. 1–2.

300. Cм.: Thomas Armitage, A History of Baptists (New York: Bryan, Taylor & Co., 1887), p. 769.

301. См.: G. Frederick Wright, Charles Grandison Finney (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1893), p. 61.

302. См.: Rowe, Thunder and Trumpets, p. 17–18, 24.

303. См.: Rowe, Thunder and Trumpets, p. 17, 24, 91–92, quote 92.

304. См.: Bliss, p. 143.

305. См.: Dick, William Miller and the Advent Crisis p. 1831–1844, 19–20.

306. См.: Rowe, Thunder and Trumpets, p. 17.

307. Там же, p. 59–82.

308. См.: Everett N. Dick, “Advent Camp Meetings of the 1840s,” Adventist Heritage Vol. 4, No. 2 (Winter 1977): p. 5.

309. Там же, p. 3–10.

310. Там же, p. 3–10.

311. Там же.

312. См.: Whitney R. Cross, The Burned-over District (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1950), p. 296.

313. См.: Rowe, Thunder and Trumpets, p. 31–40.

314. См.: Dick, William Miller and the Advent Crisis 1831–1844, 44–15. О Старквезере: George R. Knight, Millennial Fever (Boise, ID: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1993), p. 174–175.

315. См.: William Miller, “A New Year’s Address,” The Signs of the Times Vol. IV, No. 19 (January 25, 1843): 150 (courtesy of Adventist Digital Library).

316. См.: Dick, Miller and the Advent Crisis 1831–1844, p. 121.

317. Там же, p. 83–99. О раввинистическом исчислении месяцев и лет в середине девятнадцатого столетия: Isaac Landman, Ed., The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia (New York: Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Inc., 1940), 11:636.

318. См.: William Miller, letter, The Advent Herald Vol. 7, No. 5 (March 6, 1844): p. 39.

319. См.: Joshua V. Himes, The Midnight Cry! Vol. 6, No. 13 (April 11, 1844), p. 305 (courtesy of Adventist Digital Library).

320. Cм.: The Signs of the Times Vol. V, No. 16 (June 23, 1843): 123 (courtesy of Adventist Digital Library).

321. См.: Knight, 159–165, quote 163.

322. См.: The Midnight Cry! Vol. 7, No. 17 (October 19): 132 (courtesy of Adventist Digital Library).

323. См.: Joseph Bates, The Biography of Elder Joseph Bates (Battle Creek, MI: The Steam Press, 1868), p. 298.

324. Там же., p. 167–205. О встрече в Эксетере: The Advent Herald Vol. 8, No. 3 (August 21, 1844): 20; об эсхатологии Сноу: S. S. Snow, The True Midnight Cry Vol. 1, No. 1 (August 22, 1844): 3^1 (courtesy of Adventist Digital Library).

325. См.: William Miller, letter to Joshua Himes, The Midnight Cry! Vol. 7, No. 16 (October 12): 121 (courtesy of Adventist Digital Library). О том, как дату 22 октября 1844 года принимало руководство адвентистов: David L. Rowe, God’s Strange Work, p. 186–190.

326. См.: Josiah Litch, letter to Nathaniel Southard, The Midnight Cry! Vol. 7, No. 16 (October 12): 125 (courtesy of Adventist Digital Library).

327. См.: William Nicholas, The Midnight Cry! Vol. 7, No. 17 (October 19): p. 133 (courtesy of Adventist Digital Library).

328. См.: Froom, IV: p. 686.

329. См.: Knight, p. 204–210.

330. Cм.: Dick, William Miller and the Advent Crisis 1831–1844, p. 149–152.

331. См.: J. Thomas Scharf and Thompson Westcott, History of Philadelphia (Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co., 1884), 11:1448.

332. См.: Rowe, Thunder and Trumpets, p. 137.

333. Там же, p. 138.

334. См.: Clara Endicott Sears, Days of Delusion (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1924), p. 181, 190–191, 195, 203.

335. См.: Francis D. Nichol, The Midnight Cry! (Takoma Park, Washington, DC: Review and Herald Publishing Association), 337–426; и Ruth Alden Doan, The Miller Heresy, Millerism, and American Culture (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987), p. 60–61, 158–174; также Dick, William Miller and the Advent Crisis 1831–1844, p. 123–130. Самое содержательное и яркое описание практик миллеритов, в том числе «балахонов вознесения»: Cross, p. 305–306.

336. См.: The Signs of the Times Vol. VI, No. 17 (December 13, 1843): p. 144 (courtesy of Adventist Digital Library); и Dick, William Miller and the Advent Crisis 1831–1844, p, 121.

337. См.: Knight, p. 218–219.

338. См.: Louis Boutelle, Sketch of the Life and Religious Experience of Eld. Louis Boutelle (Boston: Advent Christian Publication Society, 1891), p. 67–68.

339. См.: William Lloyd Garrison, The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison, Walter M. Merrill, Ed. (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1973), 111:137; и Ira V. Brown, “The Millerites and the Boston Press,” The New England Quarterly Vol. 16, No. 4 (December 1943): p. 599.

340. Cм.: Dick, William Miller and the Advent Crisis 1831–1844, p. 161.

341. См.: Rowe, Thunder and Trumpets, p. 141–147.

342. См.: Knight, p. 219–241.

343. См.: Jonathan M. Butler and Ronald L. Numbers, Introduction, in Ronald L. Numbers and Jonathan M. Butler, Eds., The Disappointed (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987), xv; и Doan, p. 203–204.

344. О мнении Фестингера по поводу миллеритов: Festinger et al., When Prophecy Fails, p. 11–23.

345. См.: Ernest Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1970), p. 54–55.

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346. См.: Bagehot, p. 158.

347. См.: Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1977), V: p. 333–351, quote 350.

348. См.: Liaquat Ahamed, Lords of Finance (New York: Penguin, 2009), p. 231.

349. См.: H. Clark Johnson, Gold, France, and the Great Depression, 1919–1932 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997), p. 141; также см. Federal Reserve Bulletin, April 1926, p. 270–271.

350. Cм.: Benjamin M. Blau et al., “Gambling Preferences, Options Markets, and Volatility,” Journal of Quantitative and Financial Analysis Vol. 51, No. 2 (April 2016): p. 515–540.

351. См.: Hyman Minksy, “The financial-instability hypothesis: capitalist processes and the behavior of the economy,” in Charles P. Kindleberger and Jean-Pierre Laffargue, Eds., Financial crises (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1982), p. 13–39.

352. См.: William J. Bernstein, The Birth of Plenty, p. 101–106.

353. Чрезвычайно яркое описание схемы: Frederick Lewis Allen, The Lords of Creation (Chicago: Quadrangle Paperbacks, 1966), p. 305–306.

354. См.: https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/theme/?_escaped_fragment_=32#! 32, дата обращения 30.03.2016.

355. См.: Minsky, p. 13–39.

356. См.: Floris Heukelom, “Measurement and Decision Making at the University of Michigan in the 1950s and 1960s,” Nijmegen Center for Economics, Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 2009, http://www.ru.nF publish/pages/516298/nice_09102.pdf, дата обращения 18.07.2016.